Howard Schultz and the Starbucks Company

Maln Problem Statement After analyzing all aspects and factors, the main problem statement found for this case study is as follows: â€Å"The rapid and over expansion plan of Starbucks store- owned outlets to capture the maximum market share has lead to many problems† As stated above, Starbucks is facing the problem of fast and over expanding of its outlets as the company tries to gain as much market share and opportunities as possible.This, however has led to many problems such as cannibalization of usiness through clustering and low net Income margin despite achieving record sales and revenues. The problem is further complicated by other problems such as Insistence of the company to store-own outlets outside the North American region and increased number of employees at Starbucks. 3. 0 Focus Expansion Only on under-served Countries and Locations One of the alternative strategies that could help to solve the main problem Is to change the Starbucks policy on outlet openings.In this strategy, Starbucks should identify countries or locations where the company has the least presence and oothold; choosing to open outlets only at these locations while stop outlet openings in areas where the company already has established itselt. For example, Starbucks should look into the China and South Korea market as there are currently only 9 outlets and 1 outlet of Starbucks In those locations, respectively. 3. 2 Allow Another strategy is to allow the franchising of the Starbucks brand to locations outside the North American market.

Reinventing the Starbucks Experience

In his memo to his senior team, Howard Schultz wrote about his visions of Starbucks and his disappointment over what he called the â€Å"commoditization of the Starbucks experience. † He gave a detailed list of the decisions that has contributed to this fate. His visions are clear and the arguments he presented are impeccable but this paper will look at the situation from a different viewpoint. The question is should they stick with the changes or revert to the old ways and preserve tradition? Going Big Howard Schultz mentioned several decisions that that led to the â€Å"watering down† of the Starbucks experience. These are: †¢ Changing La Marzocca machines with automatic espresso machines. †¢ Shifting from fresh coffee to fresh roasted bagged coffee. †¢ Transforming store design. While he believes these changes resulted to the â€Å"commoditization† of Starbucks, he admitted that these were necessary and instrumental in bringing Starbucks from 1000 to more than 13,000 stores (Schultz, 2007). These changes allowed Starbucks to speed up their services, become more efficient, cost-effective and competitive. Starbucks Soul Everything has its own price. Starbucks achieved their business goals but lost sight of their vision along the way. For Howard Schultz, losing their â€Å"soul† for profit was a high price to pay. In his memo, he mentioned that shifting from La Marzocca to automatic espresso machines removed the â€Å"romance and theater† of the process. The height of the machines blocked the view and took away the intimacy of the experience. Shifting to roasted coffee took out the aroma and stripped the store of its tradition and heritage. Lastly, changing store design eliminated the â€Å"warm feeling of a neighborhood store† (Schultz, 2007). Reinventing the Experience Soul, experience, romance, theater, temple- these are some of the words Howard Schultz associated with Starbucks. Reading his memo gives everyone a glimpse of his vision for Starbucks. It shows how passionate he is about his product and his store. It details the experience he envisions customers would feel in going to his stores. To him, it is not just selling coffee, it’s an experience. It is not just a store, it’s a temple. It is not just good customer service, it is romance. For someone who found his â€Å"Mecca† in Starbucks, those things mean a great deal. However, Schultz has to consider the possibility that not all people share that vision. A lot of people love to drink coffee but that does not mean they are as passionate about the experience as he is. Some customers are not as in love with the tradition and legacy as he is. There is nothing wrong about Howard Schultz’s vision and we can not blame him for being alarmed by the changes that happened in his stores. However, Starbucks have to be open to the fact that there might be a big difference between people who hang out in coffee shops in 1981 to the millions of Starbucks patrons around the world today. They have to realize that it is not just a simple case of profit versus soul or efficiency versus tradition. They have to consider what kind of â€Å"experience† people are hoping to get from their stores and work from their. Starbucks are founded by solid visions but that can only take them so far. In the end it is what the customers think that matters. Conclusion Howard Schultz is not just a businessman, he is a visionary. For him, profit is not enough, he want to preserve the tradition and leave a legacy. However, he has to accept the fact that to some people, coffee is just an ordinary drink, a commodity that does not need to be romanticized.

Portfolio essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example I have learned more than just argumentative writing techniques. In my portfolio, I have included technical writing, expository writing and literary criticism, among other various forms. For instance, I have used expository writing in an article I wrote titled â€Å"what happens in Saudi Arabia every hour?† This can be exhibited by the way that I have given a back story or background information about Saudi Arabia in my introductory paragraph. I have attempted to explore in depth the contrast between the reality in Saudi Arabia and the perceived image that most people might have about Saudi Arabia. Many people round the world are misinformed and deem Saudi Arabia as a bad and an inhabitable place. In my essay, I have expounded in the good and the bad regarding the country. Additionally, I have expounded on the fact that deaths from road accidents in Saudi Arabia have been on the rise by providing statistics from previous years to support my thesis. I used research in this paper to incorporate outside information into my analysis that supports the topic I was dealing with. The assessment made from the research I carried out when writing the essay remains one of my favorite parts of the paper. I have carefully observed reports by Joffe Walts on how most of the accidents in Saudi Arabia mostly claimed the lives youth more than any other group. The statistics showed that road accidents were the number one cause of most death among Saudi Arabian adult males. The females are spared as the society forbids women from driving vehicles. Through the conclusion to the essay that I wrote, I am in a better position now to provoke the thoughts of readers through the use of rhetorical questions regarding statistics of the death toll from road accidents. The reader is compelled into thought when reading through the rhetorical questions employed. This article has made a deliberate attempt to showcases my skills in regard to summarizing, in depth analysis and alignment of

OB Analysis Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

OB Analysis Paper - Case Study Example Production engineers should come up with standardized way of building different products to reduce the delays and costs of operations (Buller & Randall 2-8). In addition, the company is also faced by test failures which are regarded as serious problems and this may make customers be delayed. Product engineers should try to be as competent as possible to reduce various causes of test errors and other test related activities which consume most of their time. Part of improvements that need to be taken care of are proper documentation. Stopping interruptions especially while the product engineers are in the meeting with Lee may not be the solution to the problem because it would also mean that there would be delays during the meeting. Lee should just ensure that his engineers come up with effective layout on how to build different products. Lee should also come up with solid agenda in his meetings to ensure that important issues are raised at a particular time limit. Considering that tim e is an important thing for the company particularly the product engineers, he should therefore fix a particular duration for the meetings. Some of the agendas of the meeting should not involve problem affecting a single product engineer but general challenge facing all of them (Buller & Randall 2-8). ... Lee should ensure that every issue raised in the meeting or amongst engineers that concerns the entire product engineering department is addressed and proper solution be found. Lee’s department does also not coordinate very well with the application engineers. Indeed there is a serious communication breakdown between application engineers and product engineers that even leads to customer dissatisfaction (Buller & Randall 2-8). Furthermore, Lee should ensure that there is cooperation and good relationship amongst the two departments to minimize the issues arising due to communication breakdown. There is also a shaky relationship between manufacturing department and product department which derails the functions of the company. Relationship between Lee and his boss too does not seem promising. Sam is not giving Lee enough support to smoothen operations in the product engineering department. For instance he is not providing the under-staffed product department with more personnel to make work easier. Moreover Sam cannot give or mediate between Lee and Reese as a way of creating peace and motivating the workers. As much as Lee may try to be a good leader who intends to ensure that his department works well and achieves the best results as possible, he does not have good support to succeed in his duty and objectives (Buller & Randall 2-8). OB Perspective There is an increasing pervasiveness in job dissatisfaction and disengagement due to paradoxical organizational behaviors which has resulted into negative consequences for employers and employees. Management of job and work output is largely contributed by degree of job satisfaction and attitude towards work. Various issues concerning organization performance are never costly

The eating habits of students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The eating habits of students - Essay Example The young generation seems to pay little attention to the crucial topic on diet and health. Their choice of diet remains a secondary consideration in their responsibility over their health (Gullotta, Adams & Ramos 2005). Dietary disorders among young people are on the rise at an alarming rate. Instances of obesity in young people are increasing more than ever experienced. According to Richards, 2007, guiding the young generation on issues of diet and health become essential. Topics such as the choice of food, awareness of a good balanced diet and the need to create attention to nutrition among by young people need further elaboration. Teaching the youth on diet and health, therefore, is indispensably an issue most governments must consider engaging (Berg 2002). Statistics in the United Kingdom show that several school going students have poor knowledge on diet and health (McGinnis & Gootman 2006). Several students express low attention to nutrition. The choice of a better diet by students is poorly in several students (Glass 2009). In what areas many students pay less attention to, as far as diet and health is concerned, this report sorts to find out. The report discusses the important dietary areas overlooked by students and their extent of caution to their health. In order to find out the eating habits of students, a survey was conducted with the help of an oral questionnaire. Total 30 randomly selected students in the UK took the interview in different learning institutions for the purpose of representing the student population. The group of respondents composed of students from different learning institutions at different stages of studies. The respondents consisted of fifteen boys and fifteen girls. The questionnaire (attached in the appendix) consists of different kinds of questions which chiefly build upon each other. The question types used is, for example, â€Å"yes/no†, multiple choice

Production Of A Klashnikov Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Production Of A Klashnikov - Coursework Example Part 1: One of the production method used in producing most of the riffle part is through KB-P-580, which serves to be more reliable than most of the other production method and way more better handling characteristics, this method was used in 1948 in Izhevsk factory. Its banana shaped magazine or cartridge is manufactured through curve which is smoothly fed with ammunition, the steel used is quite heavy mixed together with feed-lips which makes it highly resistant to damage in the long run. The design of the magazine is borrowed from other guns and was used in AS-44 model by the soviets. The receiver which anchors the integrated gas piston and the trigger is made of sheet metal with milled trunnion insert. In the year 1940, it took about 150 totally different machine motions to make it.so the new method of making it has differently changed it and help reduce the weight of the gun to only 8 pounds. The gas piston and bolt carrier contained in the receiver were deliberately structured to fit loosely in the receiver and the aim for this is to stop carbon buildup, dust and rust. What should be noted here is that this method of loose fit was borrowed from other designers like Sudayev and the concept was used by several other people after his death. The stock of the AK-47 rifle is made of wood. There have been a lot of developments when it comes to the making of this particular type of gun and some of its features being borrowed from other gun designs. Guns which have folding stocks are better fitted for tighter spaces for instance airborne troops. A combination of the bolt carrier and gas piston make up the gas piston which is a design that is not original but borrowed from another gun. The design is made to provide more energy to the operating system of the gun. How it works is that, when each round is fired, there is a gas which enters into a chamber through a port in the top of the barrel which in turn drives back a piston that then withdraws the bolt from the chamber and removes the already used cartridge. The magazine contains a spring which pushes the next cartridge into its place. There is a return spring which pushes the piston and bolt in front placing the cartridge in its chamber in readiness to fire once again. This system is much better since its stroke is 50% longer than usual which makes the gun versatile and still performs even when infiltrated by foreign substances like water which impedes lubrication. The protective coating of the gun is a phosphate coating which increases its reliability when it comes to rus ting. The chamber and barrel of the gun are actually chromed which also helps fight rusting. These anti-corrosive features of the gun are very key when it comes to harsh climate conditions like in times of war. Compared to other guns like an M16 before their chambers and barrel were chromed and which there protective coating were vulnerable to corrosion, AK-47 stood out in this aspect. The selectors switch which regulates when the gun can fire and when it cannot. The options of the switch are; safe, semi-automatic and automatic. When the gun is in the safe mode it is not able to fire. When it is the semi-automatic the shots are single shot and finally the automatic mode which fires rounds in a continuous mode when the trigger is pulled. Finally the trigger of the gun is a borrowed design from the M1 design created by John c and a German gun maker called Schmeisser who was in prison at the time the legendary AK47 rifle was made. Part 2: One production method I would use to produce th e riffle is Izhmash production method which produces around 95 units per hour which is an equal amount of over 1 million units per year. The fact that while using this method most parts are joined using hands, makes it more effective and accurate increasing

Analysis of ACS Cobham International School's Organization and It's Essay

Analysis of ACS Cobham International School's Organization and It's Strategic Plan - Essay Example The essay is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the organization’s key targets, objectives and products .Section 3 discusses the competitive environment of the organization .Section 4 discusses the overall environment of the organization including both external and internal environments .Section 5 concludes the essay and makes recommendations for improvement of the strategic plan of the organization. 2. Targets, Objectives and Services ACS Cobham International School, London is part of the ACS International School group which consists of four schools, three of which are in England and the other in Doha. The school offers education from early childhood children to high school International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma, and an American curriculum, including Advanced Placement (AP) courses (ACS, 2011a). According to Collins and Porras (1996), the mission statement of a company gives its important ideology and visionary components. The three major components of the mission st atement are generally identified as the committed core values, core purpose and the visionary goals to be followed by the firm to fulfil its mission. The goal of the school â€Å"is to encourage critical thinkers, responsible global citizens, and students who are prepared to achieve the highest standards, both in their subsequent education and throughout their careers† (ACS, 2011b).This goal is expected to achieve through excellent quality of teaching, student centered approach, high quality curriculum, creative thinking and independent learning development, multi cultured atmosphere, educating high values and morals and participative approach(ACS, 2011c). 3. Competitive Analysis According to Coulter (2005), there are both specific environment, like customers, competitors, suppliers etc which influence directly the company’s strategic decision and general environment like political, economic, social and technological sectors that indirectly affect the company’s strategic decisions. The specific environment factors affecting a company’s strategic decisions are analyzed based on the model of the five competitive forces by Porter (1980). Porter’s model is based on the insight that a corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in the organization’s external environment. This model includes the analysis of determinants of the intensity of competition and profitability of the industry like bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of entry of new competitors, threat of substitutes and competitive rivalry (Pavlicek, 2008). However, the main criticisms against the Porter’s models are their focus on only profitability and survival and the assumptions of classic perfect market, simple and static market structures and competitive markets which disable to capture the dynamics of markets .Hence, it cannot consider new business cycle models (Speed, 1989 and Sharp, 1996). In spite of th ese criticisms, this model is still popular for external analysis. The results of Porter’s five forces for ACS are given below. 1. Threat of New Entry Entry barriers are low in the education sector in UK .There are a large number of schools in UK with different arrangements,

Environmental Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environmental Studies - Assignment Example c) Ice and gas are two different elements with different qualities. It so happens that their age would also differ depending on their qualities. d) 2.53 years younger. e) It is smallest at the bottom of the core. This is because it is exposed to elements. STEP 2 b) Very reliable c) 160.73 and 28.1 years ago respectively STEP 3 10. Carbon dioxide and temperature are directly proportional 11. CH4 is more closely correlated with temperature. This is because it is lighter than CO2. 12. They are inversely proportional 13. 199.81 and 594.65 14. CO2 = 289.76 – 189.23, which is 100.53. CH4 = 273.4 – 197.37, which is 76.03 A combination of effects of the Antarctic, Southern Ocean, processes in the tropics and in the Norther Hemisphere, where the primary sources of methane are located, had a big influence. The close correlation between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature indicates that the Southern Ocean played an important role in causing the CO2 increase. However, the similarity of changes in CO2 concentration and variations of atmospheric methane concentration suggests that processes in the tropics and in the Northern Hemisphere, where the main sources for methane are located, also had substantial effects on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Part 3: Hypothesis Activity The time period with extremely elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, combined with the rings has a big influence on the patterns of increasingly hot summers and increasing torrential storms in the two cities.

Global logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global logistics - Essay Example This paper will present a report to discuss various logistical issues and logistical procedures that should be considered by Middle East Division of MedicalCare International (MEDMI) before commencing the export of pharmaceuticals from Sao Paulo, Brazil and cosmetics from Bangalore, India. This report will discuss various modes of transport and destination ports that can be depended for MEDMI’s supply chain procedures. In order to develop and sustain effective global logistics, the management of MEDMI will have to address environmental issues apart from a number of issues related to logistics networks, inventory handling, organizational relationship, and performance measurement. These issues are discussed below: The global presence of MEDMI will certainly impact the channel structure it chooses for transportation between Jebel Ali and ports in Sao Paulo and Bangalore. Transportation between these ports involves longer distance leading to greater levels of risks, uncertainties and costs. Complexity of channel relations and costs for logistical operations will increase proportionately or more than proportionately when the firm’s network relation between global supplier, intermediary and customer expand (Gourdin, 2006). Severity of competition in global logistics is one of the main issues the management of MEDMI will have to address before starting exporting from Bangalore and Sao Paulo. Firms playing in global logistics compete with others through product differentiation or other strategies, and therefore, it is important to evaluate those factors that contributing to the competitive advantages of its competitors. Marketing strategies and distribution systems are normally interrelated. Well before arranging the export from Bangalore and Sao Paulo, managers of MEDMI have to take strategic decision regarding what type of distribution will be most supportive of its marketing strategies. There are three modes of distribution;

Drama 115 - Construct a Dialogue on Hamlet & Daly's, Under the Glass Essay

Drama 115 - Construct a Dialogue on Hamlet & Daly's, Under the Glass Light - Essay Example WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Argh. First of all my plays aren’t as pretentious as you’re making them out to be. During my time they were attended by many people from the lower classes. They were regarded as popular entertainment, while other playwrights like Christopher Marlowe were considered intellectual and pretentious, as you so politely indicated (Greenblatt). As for filler, the opening scene of Hamlet opens to a ghost sighting. A terrifying ghost sighting! The play is immediately in the thriller/horror genre, not like yours which just meanders around for a -- WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Look I wrote long monologues because it allowed me to capture the character’s in-depth thoughts. This way I was able to explore aspects of the human condition that typical dialogue can’t attain. It was also the style of the time; sure I could have written realistic dialogue, but it wouldn’t have appealed to as large as an audience. I worked within the conventions of my time, but explored timeless themes. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Partially I wrote that way so my actors could learn their lines easier (Greenblatt). I also wrote that way because it more closely approaches the sonorous quality of music. This way my characters weren’t merely talking, they were singing to the essence of the heavens and human condition! AUGUSTIN DALY: Are you really this full of yourself? Your ego has been blow up beyond all proportion. You think you’re like God or something. Look, with my work I’m not trying to explore the meaning of life, I’m just trying to make a statement of society. Expose some hypocrisy. Maybe change some minds. AUGUSTIN DALY: You obviously don’t understand subtlety. So for instance, consider the scene when Pearl tells Ray that Laura was actually a poor pickpocket and instead got brought into aristocracy at the age of 6. AUGUSTIN DALY: So in this scene Ray, who had been professing his unending love for Laura just 2 minutes earlier, starts saying that he can

A Characters Role Essay Example for Free

A Characters Role Essay In a world focused on elevators one wonders, what would it mean if one were to take the stairs? The Intuitionist, by Colson Whitehead, deals with the exploration of Lila Mae Watson, a black female intuitionist, who undergoes a quest to reveal what Intuitionism is all about. As a result of her quest, the connection between James Fulton, the creator of Intuitionism and Lila Mae Watsons role as character is revealed. Lila M. Watson, the protagonist of this novel, endures a number of experiences as the first black elevator intuitionist. An accident occurs with an elevator which she was in charge of. From then on the story introduces Lila Maes quest for answers. Lila Maes life goes into detail about how fragments of her life have been shattered with grief, and racism above all. During her exam about elevators in college, she was answering flawlessly with details and precisions at the professors questions. The last question had nothing to do with elevators, just a reckoning to her; so that she knows that there are only twelve colored inspectors and they most of them are not even working, by making her know that even though she answered swiftly she didnt know everything: So you dont know everything; that will be all Miss Watson. (p 53) Within the story she goes into a subtle exploration of her own identity, race, and duty as a person in her position. This leads into the elusive quest for the black box and ultimately Jamess Watsons Perfect elevator But this quest of hers intertwines with the experiences of James Fulton. This intricate character deals with the many hardships that Lila Mae dealt with during her youth, only with the slight fact that he dealt with these issues with his inner self. Fultons secretive and deceiving nature is the actual cause of all the events that take place. James is actually a black man with light skin, who does not feel comfortable letting the world know that he is black because of his status. Fultons hatred of himself and his lie of whiteness(p 239). Although hes not to blame because in the world they live in it is not as easy being a person of color. There was no hope for him as a colored man because the white world will not let a colored man rise. (p 240) For this very reason he decides to play the role of a white man. At early age he knew he would be confused for a white person, so he used this trait to achieve his greatness in life. Overtime Fulton became godly to people, because of his knowledge about elevators and what he had to write about them. Every Tuesday James Fulton. stood in the downstairs drawing room and lectured on the intricacies of his science (p 54). One does not realize that this intuitionism is created as a joke. A joke that is taken seriously and soon evolves into the world itself. Both Fulton and Watson are two figures who struggle for one cause only. To achieve their goal in life, for Watson it is to find and reveal the perfect elevator into the world, and for Fulton it is to create and implement this perfect elevator into the world. As two black figures in a white-ruled society it is their socialistic duty to fulfill their goals and be aware that this achievement is critical for their community. Lila M. Watson is forced to go on a journey that is composed of events that will prove her innocence about the incident, discover the perfect elevator, and like Fulton, take an important position in society. She sees herself as a person who has a duty to fill Fultons shoes. In the other hand Fultons lies and secrets are what form the entire story. After having developed intuitionism for that long, he realized he needs a successor, who will deal with society. But it is Intuitionism that must be kept important until the world is ready for the perfect elevator. Fulton does not publish his work for this very reason. Like Lila Maes duty of finding his perfect elevator, it is his to create it. But little do we know that this perfect elevator is nothing more then what he has created as a mockery of the world he lives in. It consist of a perfect world where there exists no racial constrains. Fulton is a man who creates a perfect society in his mind and puts it in paper, but never reveals it. Lila Mae discovers this but she knows that even though shes been living in a world of lies, it is her duty to preserve this knowledge until the world becomes a place like Fulton metaphorically described in his books. This the story that deals with ones accomplishment to fool the world and in the meantime while everyone is fascinated by his accomplishments and fake works, he devotes his life to creating a blueprint to a better world for existence.

Batch Reactor Is Widely Used In The Chemical Mechanics Essay

Batch Reactor Is Widely Used In The Chemical Mechanics Essay A batch reactor is widely used in the chemical and process industry to perform several operations such as providing an environment of chemical reactions, crystallization, product mixing, dissolution of solids, polymerization, liquid to liquid extraction as well as batch distillation. The equipment comprises of tank that has an integrated heating and cooling system as well as an agitator. The main advantages of using a batch unit is it ability to perform various function without the need to change or break containment. Toxic and highly potent compounds can be processed in the batch unit. Part one Question 1 a) Explain why you would regard this batch chemical reactor as a plant unit. According to the definition of a chemical plant, a plant is comprised of several units that are interconnected by piping. Materials move in and out of these units. These materials or raw materials are converted into different products. In this example, the batch reactor is a separate unit of the plant which processes the raw materials introduced before feeding them to the centrifuge system. This batch reactor is also the principle chemical converter in this plant. b) Explain your reasons for concluding that this unit is critical for production This unit is critical for the production in this process because It prepares and processes the raw materials by heating them to the prescribed temperature and also providing the required pressure for the process. It ensures full utilization of the centrifuge unit; this is because it produces more than the centrifuge can process. the batch unit produces 18 (te) of product The batch unit is the principle raw material processor in this process, it receives raw materials, process them to complete products, thereafter, these materials are sorted out by the centrifuge. There is no other unit for processing materials in this plant unit. The batch unit temporary stores the materials before they are feed to the centrifuge system. b) Extract any user requirements for this designated unit from the plant description. Are there any production ‘windows? The main user information is; The vessel consist of a jacketed agitated glass lined vessel, heated to a certain temperature and pressure and consist of a thermocouple, a temperature alarm and has a safety relief valve The equipment list is also provided to the plant engineer with information about the different components installed on the plant. The drawing of the batch unit also shows the plant engineer the layout of the different components in the reactor. Jacket safety valve, temperature pocket, temperature controller, steam trap, agitator and the pipe work. The batch reactor process is also described so that the user or the operator can clearly understand how the processes are carried out, for example â€Å"the batch unit starts when 18 (te) of raw materials are introduced to the reactor†, the content are heated through to a preset temperature/ time profile that takes 10 hours† the products are then feed to the centrifuge system. This explanation helps the user or the plant operator understand its operation. d) Extract any corporate requirements for this unit from the plant description Some of the corporate requirements for this unit obtained from the text are: The equipment is shutdown for 16 hours during the 40th week of each year. The production of the batch reactor is also indicated, that is â€Å"the manufacturing unit makes 13,000 te of bulk pharmaceutical product within a given year† The information provided for the batch reactor jacket is also vital to the corporate use. This information is â€Å"the jacket is a registered steam receiver and also has a safety relief valve† The company guidelines state that reactors should be maintained to archive 25 years and gear boxes should be maintained to give 15 years life. e) Extract any legislative requirements for this unit from the plant description. The legal requirements include; The procedure for controlling maintenance activities must conform to the environment standard ISO14000. The manufacturing process must be licensed by FDA and the British pharmaceutical product. The manufacturing activities must comply with GMP (good manufacturing practice) and the process must be to the quality standard ISO 9002. f) Table 1 shows the existing life plan for this unit. Comment on whether you think that some of the tasks designated for the scheduled shutdown could be completed during production windows or when the plant is on-line. Could any of the tasks designated for completion during production windows be completed on-line? From the company maintenance guidelines, it can be seen that the company stipulates a 16 hour shutdown for the batch reactor during it 40th week of operation each year. Various test and maintenance activities are carried out to ensure that the batch reactor archives 25 years life and the gear boxes give a 15 year working life. In addition to the maintenance activities, the industry should be kept clean and painted to ensure that it passes the pharmaceutical inspectors test and prevent unnecessary shutdown. The maintenance activities should however be scheduled in such a manner that they dont interfere or affect the operation of the plant thereby maximizing the profits obtained from the production line. This calls for the scheduling of light maintenance operation to be done when the plant is still operating. Based on this classification, three maintenance operation are carried out for this batch reactor these are On line: these are maintenance activities that run concurrent with the production line. The maintenance activities are performed when the machine is still in use. Proper scheduling must be done to ensure that these activities are well planned for. The online and offline maintenance windows should also not coincide. Offline maintenance: These are maintenance activities that are performed when batch reactor is switched off or some interruption has to occur the machine is shut off and a part in the system is removed or repaired. Back up systems are used. Maintenance window:   this is a user defined period of time in which automatic maintenance activities are carried out. During the maintenance window, the need for maintenance activity is first evaluated, and if the system does not meet the required parameters a maintenance activity is carried out. If the required conditions are met the maintenance activity is not carried out (IBM, 2009). The activity for this batch reactor can be scheduled as follows Activity Comments CV1, replacing trim Currently the machine is shutdown before this maintenance activity is performed, based on the time taken to perform this activity and the frequency, it is best that it is done during the production window. Agitator gearbox Checking the oil Checking the oil seals for leaks   Visual check These activities are performed when the reactor is running, due to their frequency and time required these activities they can be done when the machine is still running(online) Agitator coupling Can be done when the production is progressing (online) as the process takes a short time and is performed often. SV1, pressure test and inspection This is a rigorous activity and can only be performed when the reactor is shutoff. Agitator visual check Does not require to be performed during shut off, it can be done as the machine operates (online) and can also be scheduled during the production window. It can also be performed when the agitator coupling is being checked Internal inspection Pressure test Should be done when the equipment is shutoff as it is a rigorous activity and takes a long time Pressure test and inspection It can be done during the production window. Visual checks for leaks Leak test Vibration monitoring of the motor and pump bearing Should be done on daily basis. The pump motor should also be checked as the leak tests are done. This will help monitor the pump. The checks are done by the plant operator. g) Analyze the recorded jobs from the computer maintenance management system (CMMS) for this unit. (These jobs are shown in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet called Worklist.xls.) Is there any evidence which confirms that the life plan is being carried out? Is there any evidence to say if the life plan is effective or not? To check and analyze the data recorded on the computer maintenance management systems for this unit. The different maintenance activity was evaluated and the frequency of these activities, as well as the time taken to complete this activity was evaluated. The excel data was first sorted into the various groups of maintenance activities. The obtained data was as follows For the agitator coupling the Visual check annual ticket for weekly task were as follows 8/8/1996 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/1997 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/1998 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/1999 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/2000 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/2001 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/2002 4.33 5.2 Planned 8/8/2003 4.33 5.2 Planned From the table the maintenance activities were carried out as per the schedule and the activities took a longer time than was actually planned for. were as planned for. For the agitator visual check, the table is as shown in the figure below 3/3/1996 2 4 Planned 3/4/2002 2 4 Planned The activity interval time was 6 years between subsequent maintenance activities and this was carried out as per the life plan specifications. They however took more time than was specified. For the oil seals, the maintenance information was as shown in the table below; Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/1996 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/1997 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/1998 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/1999 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/2000 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/2001 8.67 10.4 Planned Check oil seals and for leaks annual ticket for weekly task 7/7/2002 8.67 10.4 Planned Again the time taken was longer, however the maintenance was according to the life plan. For the vibration monitor gearbox and checking of the motor bearing, the data for year 1996 and 2002 is as shown in the table below; Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 2/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 3/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 4/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 5/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 6/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 7/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 8/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 9/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 10/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 11/10/1996 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 12/10/1996 1 2 Planned For the 2002 data Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 1/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 2/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 3/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 4/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 5/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 6/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 7/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 8/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 9/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 10/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 11/10/2002 1 2 Planned Vibration monitor gearbox motor bearings 12/10/2002 1 2 Planned Again the life plan was strictly followed and all maintenance activities planned were carried out every month. For the pressure test (SV2), again the maintenance activities followed the life plan Pressure test and inspect 9/6/1996 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/1997 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/1998 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/1999 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/2000 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/2001 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 9/6/2002 2 3 Planned For the pressure test and inspection to determine if reconditioning was required, the maintenance was as scheduled and took place after 6 years as shown in the table below; however the time for the activity was longer than it was expected. Pressure test and inspect 3/3/1996 2 3 Planned Pressure test and inspect 3/4/2002 2 3 Planned For the steam jacket, the life plan was followed but again the allocated time was short. Despite the carefully planned maintenance activities, there were some reactive maintenance activities these resulted from detection of anomalies in the system. Some of these activities are shown in the table below. Component Item Activity Date Standard time Actual time Type of job Reactor P1 Replace leaking mechanical seal 7/2/1996 4 4 Reactive Centrifuge P2 Replace mechanical seal 1/18/1997 2 3 Reactive Reactor T1 Re-calibrate temperature sensor 9/1/1998 2 3 Reactive Raw Material Storage P3 Replace seal 11/16/1998 5 5 Reactive Centrifuge P2 Replace mechanical seal 3/29/1999 2 4 Reactive Centrifuge P2 Replace mechanical seal 5/18/1999 2 2 Reactive Raw Material Storage P3 Repair plinth impact damage 10/1/1999 4 4 Reactive Raw Material Storage P3 Repair seized pump 10/3/2000 12 12 Reactive Reactor T1 Re-calibrate temperature sensor 4/17/2001 2 2 Reactive Centrifuge T3 Replace temperature sensor 6/25/2002 2 2 Reactive From this analysis it can be seen that maintenance operations were done as scheduled and planned. However, most of the activities took a longer time than was scheduled. The planned maintenance operations were not wholly effective as reactive maintenance operation were performed. h) Use your experience in conjunction with Figures 1 2, the plant description and the data from the CMMS to analyze the unit into its maintenance causing items From the diagrams 1 and 2, the main areas that are likely to fail include The major maintenance causing units are; (i)The steam unit The unit comprises of the safety valves, the steam jacket, the steam jacket safety valve, the Globe control valve etc. these units are bound to fail and cause critical damage to the equipment as well as the manpower manning the plant. Their maintenance is critical. (ii)The agitator unit: Comprises of the agitator, the agitator motor, the motor gearbox and coupling. The gearbox and the drive mechanism are bound to fail due continuous use as well as the forces acting on the agitator. Bearing wear are also likely to cause vibration on the shaft. (iii)The reactor unit The reactor unit, the reactor safety valve SV2, the safety valve discharge pipe work is also likely to cause plant failure and should be checked regularly. (iv)The centrifuge The centrifuge system is also critical in the operation of this plant and is likely to cause major maintenance problems. Some of the maintenance checks include; testing the motor bearing, checking the vibration on the machine, checking the wear on the seals of the centrifuge, physical check of the centrifuge as well as checking its drive motor and the valves leading to the pump and out of the pump. The minor units likely to cause maintenance problems are: (v)Temperature sensor calibration The failure of the temperature alarm to detect increase in temperature beyond 125 degrees. This is due to a faulty temperature sensor. This calls for regular temperature sensor control, calibration and testing if the system works according to the set parameters. (vi)Checking the pipes Checking of the pipe work for any leakage should also be done. Checks should be done regularly. (vii)Checking the pump for proper workability Pump delivering materials to the centrifugal unit should be checked. Some checks include the driving motor vibration tests, the motor starter tests as well as the functioning of the motor tests. Tests should be performed every month through physical checking of the motor. The agitator motor should also be checked to determine if its working at its rated torque and speed. (viii)Checking the steam trap The steam trap and the heat exchanger should also be regularly checked, this is because it cools the steam efficiently. The condenser should be checked for any leakages, blockages, wear, temperature and heat dissipation as well as its performance and efficiency. Tests involve both the physical checks as well as specialized tests using thermometers and thermocouple sensors to detect if the heat loss in the steam trap is sufficient enough. Checking the raw materials storage The warehouse used to store the raw materials should be regularly inspected to ensure that the materials are not contaminated. Presence of excess water, humidity, temperature and pests may damage the raw materials resulting to inferior products. Checking the raw materials feed mechanism The raw material feed mechanism should be checked to ensure delivery of materials to the batch reactor with ease. The motor used to run the feedstock should be checked, the physical leakages should also be checked and other component of the feed mechanism. The test should be done every month. Checking the paint coating Involves the Physical inspection of the plant to ensure that all the parts are not rusted or the paint has not been scourged. These tests are obligatory to ensure conformity with the pharmaceutical inspectors rules and regulation. The inspection can be done every year. i) Develop your own life plan for these maintenance causing items using the task selection logic for Reliability Centered Maintenance For the implementation of RCM the following main tasks are carried out; Selection of the equipment to perform analysis Identification of potential failures Identification and evaluation of the effects of the started failures Identification of the causes of failure Selecting the maintenance tasks Maintenance packaging 1) Selection of equipment to perform analysis on; The main equipments to perform analysis on are;  · The batch reactor  · The centrifuge  · The steam jacket  · The centrifuge motor  · The raw materials handling equipment The identification of potential failures and the causes of failure The potential problems that are likely to occur are BATCH REACTOR The agitator  · The agitator motor failure  · The agitator gearbox failure  · The agitator coupling failure The centrifuge  · Centrifuge discharge pipe failure  · The centrifuge pump may fail  · The pump motor failure  · The piping system may fail The steam jacket  · Failure of the reactor safety valve  · Failure of the safety valve  · The temperature alarm system failure  · The failure of the pressurized steam pipe network. Sensors and alarms  · Failure of the temperature controller  · The globe control valve failure  · The steam trap Raw materials feed system  · Failure of the inlet pipe work  · Failure of the motors conveying the raw materials The table below shows the maintenance strategy developed after conducting a RCM analysis. Table 1: RCM analysis Item Causes of failure Maintenance activity Frequency of maintenance Time for maintenance The agitator The motor (1)Brush wear (2)Winding may overheat (3)The motor starters may fail Checking the motor 3 months 2 hours The gearbox (oil gearbox ) (1)The viscosity of oil may reduce lubricity Testing the oil viscosity 3 months

Eastern Orthodox Christianity And Roman Catholic Christianity Religion Essay

Eastern Orthodox Christianity And Roman Catholic Christianity Religion Essay Until 1054 AD Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism were branches of the same body the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. This date marks an important moment in the history of all Christian denominations. It designates the very first major division in Christianity and the beginning of denominations. Disagreement between these two branches of Christendom had long existed, but the gap between the Roman and Eastern churches increased throughout the first millennium. In 1054 AD, a formal split occurred when Pope Leo IX, leader of the Roman branch, excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius. He was the leader of the Eastern branch. Michael Cerularius, in return, condemned the Pope in mutual excommunication. Two primary disputes at the time were Romes claim to a universal papal supremacy and the adding of the filioque to the Nicene Creed. To the present date, the Eastern and Western churches remain divided and separate. However, in 1965, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras agreed to formally remove the mutual excommunication of 1054. Religious Differences 3 The Difference between Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholic Christianity The Pope The main difference between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity has to do with the recognition of the Pope. Roman Catholics recognize the Pope as infallible. The Pope has supreme authority over all churches, and he can usurp the power of a lower ranking church leader, such as a priest, bishop, or cardinal (OConner, 1997). The Eastern Orthodox also has various bishops with one being the highest bishop, called the first among equals, but the Eastern Orthodox Church does not believe the highest ranking bishop, or archbishop, to be infallible, nor do they grant him with supreme authority over all churches (Collins Price, 1999). Purgatory Another main difference is in the teaching of Purgatory. According to Roman Catholic theology, those souls destined for heaven must endure a state of purification. They must be cleansed of sins committed on earth. The rest go to hell for eternal punishment. Also from a form of merits or extra grace accumulated by the virtue of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints, indulgencies may be granted. The grace is applied to those in purgatory in order to shorten their time there (OConner, 1997). Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that after the soul leaves the body, it journeys to the abode of the dead (Hades). The soul will remain in this condition of waiting. Because some have a prevision of the glory to come and others a foretaste of their suffering, the state of waiting is called Particular Judgment. When Christ returns, the soul rejoins its risen body to be judged by Him, and the good and faithful servant will inherit life. The unfaithful will spend eternity in hell. Their sins and their unbelief will torture them as fire (Chadwick, 1995). Religious Differences 4 Doctrinal Development In reference to Doctrine, in order to justify new doctrine, Roman Catholicism developed the theory of Doctrinal Development. Roman Catholicism presents this theology as growing in stages to higher and more clearly defined levels of knowledge. It teaches the idea that Christ gave us an original deposit of faith, and a seed which grows and matures over the centuries. They believe that tradition is just as important as the Bible (OConner, 1997). Eastern Orthodoxy does not endorse the view that the teachings of Christ have changed from time to time. They believe that Christianity has remained unaltered from the moment that the Lord delivered the Faith to the Apostles (Mat.28:18-20). Eastern Orthodox of the twenty first century believes precisely what was believed in the first century. Nicene Creed A major disagreement between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism centers around the adding of the filioque to the Nicene Creed. This particular conflict is also known as the Filioque Controversy. In Latin, this word means and from the Son. It had been inserted into the Nicene Creed, changing the phrase pertaining to the origin of the Holy Spirit from who proceeds from the Father to who proceeds from the Father and the Son (Collins Price, 1997, p. 27). Roman Catholicism made this change on the authority of the Pope. Eastern Orthodoxy believed this spurned the Apostolic Tradition which always taught that God the Father is the single Source of the Son and the Spirit (Collins Price, 1997). Conclusion There are many other differences between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism. There are differences in how faith is taught, the essence of God, the work of Christ, the Holy Canons, the mysteries, the nature of man, and the Virgin Mary. One more would be the icons of Orthodox worship, and the statues of Catholic worship. It should also be noted that while there are many differences between Eastern Orthodoxy Religious Differences 5 and Roman Catholicism, there are also many similarities between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism that should be studied as well. Religious Differences 6

Distillation Essay -- essays papers

Distillation Abstract This report outlines the steps taken to separate a 50:50 by volume ethanol and isopropanol side stream. The resulting separation must contain no more than 3% alcohol impurity in each product. A laboratory column, run at total reflux, was utilized to scale up to a forty foot high by one foot diameter column. The laboratory column allowed the team to determine vapor velocities and HETP values for the 0.24 inch Pro-Pakq packing. HETP is defined as the height of packing divided by the number of theoretical column stages. The column consisted of four main sections: packing, controls, a reboiler, and a condenser. To complete the vapor velocity vs. HETP relationship, the vapor velocity must be found. The vapor velocity was found using a system energy balance. The design vapor velocity was determined to be 4.85 ft/hr. However, this vapor velocity did not result in the column flooding; therefore the scaled-up column is not designed to its full potential. Ideally, distillation columns should be designed at 70-80% of the flooding velocity. The column HETP was found by use of the Fenske equation and was determined to be an average of 4.55 inches. As a result of the design parameters from the experimental column, the following design is proposed: the column will run at a vapor velocity of 4.85 ft/hr and will have a HETP of 4.30 inches. This will result in a packing height of 38.7 feet. The reboiler will have an area of 113.52 ft2 and the area of the condenser will have a value of 45.54 ft2 in which heat exchange will take place. Introduction A chemical plant spends approximately 50 to 90% of capital investment on separation equipment (1,1) Therefore, the ability to utilize a small laboratory column and to scale-up a column is an important skill for a chemical engineer. This report will outline the steps taken to design a packed distillation column. The column needs to separate a 50:50 mixture of ethanol and isopropanol into a distillate stream containing no more than 3 wt% isopropanol and a bottoms stream containing no more than 3 wt% ethanol. The design of the full-scale column was based on a laboratory simulation column. This column allowed the team to determine vapor velocities and HETP values for the 0.24 inch Pro-Pakq packing. Once the simulation vapor velocities are determined, they can ... .../hr)/*(1/0.0154 kmol/L)*(1/(p(.25)2ft2)*(0.0159 kmol/L) (p(1)2(ft)) = 6.857567 kmol/hr MWAVG,D = 46.493 kg/kmol VD = (6.857567 kmol/hr) * (46.493 kg/kmol) VD = 318.82886 kg/hr *Equation of Top Operating Line y = (L/V)x + (1-(L/V))xD = (RACT / RACT +1)x + (1/ RACT +1)(0.97) = 0.912779x + 0.084605 *Distillate Rate R = (V-D)/D = 10.4651 318.82886 (kg/hr) - D = 10.4651D D = 27.808642 (kg/hr) R = L/D = 10.4651 * 27.808642 (kg/hr) = L L = 291.02022 (kg/hr) *Bottoms Flow Rate L/V = R (z -xB) + q (xD - xB) R(z -xB) + q(xD-xB) -(xD-z) z= Feed mole fraction of ethanol q= 1 (feed assumes to be liquid) L/V = 10.4651(0.567-0.03) + 1(0.97-0.03) 10.4651(0.567-0.03) + 1(0.97-0.03) -(0.97-0.567) L/V = 1.05 L/V = (VB + 1)/ VB = 1.05 VB = 20 B = V/ VB = (318.82886 kg/hr)/20 = 15.941443 (kg/hr) *Feed Flow Rate F = D + B = 15.941443 (kg/hr) + 318.82886 (kg/hr) = 334.7703 kg/hr *Bottom Operating Line y = (L/V)x - ((L/V)-1) xB = 1.05x - 0.0015 * Condenser Heat Duty QCOND = V * DHVAP DHVAP = xETOH * DHVAP,ETOH + xISOP * DHVAP,ISOP QCOND =

The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in Ess

The Opposition to Human Cloning: How Morality and Ethics Factor in If a random individual were asked twenty years ago if he/she believed that science could clone an animal, most would have given a weird look and responded, â€Å"Are you kidding me?† However, that once crazy idea has now become a reality, and with this reality, has come debate after debate about the ethics and morality of cloning. Yet technology has not stopped with just the cloning of animals, but now many scientists are contemplating and are trying to find successful ways to clone human individuals. This idea of human cloning has fueled debate not just in the United States, but also with countries all over the world. I believe that it is not morally and ethically right to clone humans. Even though technology is constantly advancing, it is not reasonable to believe that human cloning is morally and ethically correct, due to the killing of human embryos, the unsafe process of cloning, and the resulting consequences of having deformed clones. Human cloning is the process by which genetic material from one person would be artificially transferred into a human or animal egg cell, thereby beginning the life of a new human individual who has only one parent and who is genetically identical to that parent. The once impossible idea of cloning became a reality in 1997 when Scottish embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Scotland announced that a cloned sheep named Dolly was born. Dolly was created by removing the nucleus from a sheep egg cell and replacing it in the nucleus of a cell taken from the udder of another sheep. This said might sound good, but there are other pieces of information that need to be known about this process. ... ....† A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee Jacobus. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 261-284. â€Å"Hundreds want clones, scientists say.† 9 March 2002. MSNBC.com 2 April 2002 http://www.msnbc.com/news/541711.asp?cp1=1. Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence.† A World of Ideas. Ed. Lee Jacobus. Boston: Bedford, 2002. 75-84. Lee, Jean K. â€Å"Panel Discusses Ethical Issues of Cloning at Crowded Forum.† The Tech v117 (9 May 1997) p12. 5 April 2002 http://the-tech.mit.edu/V117/N25/cloning.25n.html. â€Å"Much Confusion Over Cloning: Many Americans Don’t Understand Science, Risks.† 2 April 2002. The Associated Press. 5 April 2002 http://www.msnbc.com/news/553785.asp. Wachbroit, Robert. Genetic Encores: The Ethics of Human Cloning. 1999. Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy, U of Maryland. 5 April 2002 http://www.puaf.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/cloning.htm.

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson Essays -- Law Court Essays

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson This case deals with the Defendant's possession of a firearm while under a restraining order, and the charges incurred by the Defendant for such firearm possession. Under Texas law, the possession of a firearm by Mr. Emerson creates a perceivable threat to members of his family, thus creating a violation of the restraining order against him. Apparently common practice in Texas, the restraining order was filed by Mr. Emerson's wife in conjunction with the papers filed for divorce. The restraining order sought to enjoin Emerson from "engaging in various financial transactions to maintain the financial status quo and from making threatening communications or actual attacks upon his wife during the pendency of the divorce proceedings" (United 1). Under Texas law, unbeknownst to Mr. Emerson, the possession of a firearm during the time period of the restraining order constituted a direct violation of the restraining order, and Mr. Emerson was indicted on charges of such violation. District Court Analysis Mr. Emerson was indicted in the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas, San Angelo Division, on charges of violation of the restraining order filed against him. Possession of a firearm was in violation of 18 U.S.C. Â § 922(g)(8) (hereafter referred to as "the Act"). This statute states that: (g) It shall be unlawful for any person (8) who is subject to a court order that (A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate; (B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other c... ...judge's question of whether it was the government's position that it could "take guns away from the public," and, "restrict ownership of rifles, pistols and shotguns from all people." Mateja responded, "Yes" (Texas). Works Cited National Rifle Association, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/emernra. 7/20/00. Potomac Institute, the. amicus curiae in support of appellant. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/emerarg.html. 7/20/00. State of Alabama, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/alaamic.html. 7/20/00. "Texas Case Could Help Shape Gun Debate." America's 1st Freedom. August 2000. Vol. 1, Number 3. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas San Angelo Division. United States v. Emerson. URL: http://www.azstarnet.com/~sandman/emerson.htm. 7/20/00.

Ancient Rome vs Ancient Greece

In Rome, there are three social classes, arranged according to wealth; Patricians, Plebeians, and Slaves. Patricians are the upper class citizens; they are very wealthy and highly educated. They make up the majority of the senate and therefore control the laws. Plebeians are the poor, lower-class citizens. They greatly outnumber the Patricians, make up most of the army, and pay most of the taxes. They are not allowed to marry Patricians or take part In government. Slaves are at the bottom of the Roman social order; they make up over 25% of Romeos population, and are essential to Its survival.Wealthy citizens often own many slaves, which they use to complete various tasks around the home. They consisted of prisoners of war, Plebeians whom were In debt, or children born of slaves. Slaves often work on farms, In mills, at shops, doing city construction, or are servants. Roman writer, Seneca, believes that masters should treat their slaves well, as a well-treated slave will work better f or a good master rather than Just doing enough begrudgingly for someone who mistreats their slaves.Slaves can receive freedom from their masters if they mom up with enough money, or are released upon the master's death. Women are not considered equal to men. Their primary duty is to care for their family. The amount of work that they do is correlated to the amount of wealth they have, with rich women usually having servants to do most of their work. Women from lower class families have to do daily chores on their own, or assisted by daughters. This usually includes washing dishes, sweeping floors, and cooking. Rome is home to some of the finest pieces of art in the world.This includes architecture, paintings, sculptures, and mosaics. The sculpture is the most important piece of artwork, with thousands of sculptures located all over Rome. If you're looking for entertainment, Roman citizens often gather in The Coliseum to see fights between gladiators, slaves, prisoners, and wild anim als. These fights are very violent, and therefore enjoyable. They only end when the loser is dead. Chariot racing at The Hippodrome is also very popular in Rome. The Coliseum, The Pantheon, and Circus Maximum, are mongo some of Romeos grandest buildings.Greece: The Greek social structure is broken Into three groups; citizens, emetics, and slaves. A citizen Is born of Athenian parents, and they are the most powerful group In Greece. After compulsory service In the army, they often became government officials, and took part in Jury service. A emetic Is of foreign birth and has migrated to Athens to trade or practice craft. They must pay taxes and are sometimes required to serve In the army, despite this, they can never achieve the full rights of a excellent. ThisIncludes the ability to own houses, and the ability to speak In court. Slaves were servants and laborers without any legal rights. Slaves can be prisoners of war, or bought from slave traders. These social statuses only apply to men, as women adopt their social status from their husband. Women In Greece are not permitted to take part in public life, making it a prime destination for the whole family! Greece is the sculpture is our preferred form of artistic expression, as it shows an expression of individuality, and the beauty of the human body.Aphids, Polytheists, and Myron are three of our most prized sculptures. One of the most distinguishable art feature of Greece, are our columns. They are crafted in three different styles; Doric is the simplest of these three styles. Ionic is thinner and more elegant with a scroll-like design. Corinthian is the rarest but most elaborate column, with many complex designs; it is often decorated with acanthus leaves. In Greece, there is no shortage of entertainment. We have invented the theatre, a place in which audiences come from all around to watch comedies or tragic plays.Greece is also home to the Olympic Games, the world's premier sport event. Held in honor of Z eus, athletes from around Greece compete in various events in front of thousands of spectators. There are also many marvelous building in Greece, such as The Parthenon, a temple overlooking Athens. The Erection is a temple north of the Acropolis, dedicated to Athena and Poseidon. The Temple of Olympian Zeus is a temple in the center of Athens, with enormous columns. Greece is the premier destination of the World, so why not come by?

Character Analysis: Alias Grace, Margaret Atwood

blessing tag being the protagonist of the historical fiction Alias modify matures and grows as virtually protagonist do. Grace goes through umpteen stages in her life w here(predicate) she needs to admit to the situation in order to not be signn advantage of. She Is both too transpargonnt, too deep in self-pity or too self-aware. She Is a energizing character who goes from being a stir little girl Into a convicted murderess. The sort surrounding her being a adult female making her too fragile to take part In such(prenominal) a crime actually helps her and saves her from the noose.Like every congruous girl Grace was very archaic when It came to things of the sexual nature. When she observes Nancy dress to grow roughly Ink-Sis snuff stains she tells herself she most likely slipped and go down (262) She TLD understand where the stains couldve came from, besides getting dirty doing house work. Throughout her stratum Grace speaks a lot nearly Mary Whitney and all she taught her regarding men such as not sitting where a man just sat and how street whores make money. Unfortunately Mary died while termination through an abortion, which ironically Grace did not understand at the time.All of this new culture did scare Grace, until she finally realized how naive she really was when she was informed about Mr skinner and Nancy relationship as to which she remarked l was a good deal surprised , and said so l was not so jazzing as I thought myself, and could scarcely chew the fat the nose onwards my face. (295-296) Grace started losing luck as shortly as she decided to work for Mr Skinner. Chapter 23 in the novel is named Snake Fence hinting Grace is walking into danger. Immediately after she enters the town she is confronted by a stranger before being saved by Jeremiah (239).Once she began functional in the new village she tangle up very isolated . It struck me at once how very solitary I was, as I had no allys here except Nancy, if she cou ld be called a friend .. .1 did not know where my family was, which was the same as having none. (301-2), she also confesses tootsie Walsh, l felt would cry again, and said simply, I have no friends here. (303). Unfortunately Grace short finds out that that sort of loneliness is nix compared to what was waiting for her in solitary confinement, where she would soon have to learn how to entertain herself l sing a song, meet to lift up a voice and keep myself alliance. 37) By the end of the novel bedeck becomes very self-aware of how people pull in her, she knows people view her as a type of amatory notion and tells Lydia except If I laughed out loud I might not be capable to stop and also It would spoil their romantic notion of me. Romantic people are not supposed to laugh, I know that much from looking at the pictures. (27) And after admits l look at him goosyly. I have a good stupid look which I have estimable. (43).Her federal agency acting seems to throw many off whe n It comes to her being guilty or not, because she is so deep into her role of takeing the Lady of complete truth to desexualise Jordan it would never be known, with all the role playing she admits to doing. Graces character and Tattoos feminist views play a big part in how Grace is portrayed throughout the book. Just analyzing Grace acutely one cannot get off how her traits and situations make her seem to usually be the victim. But then again, if this wasnt the case, her story wouldnt be so interesting to the masses.

Automobile and Porsche Essay

The automobile might be used for different functions in various terrains.I have thoroughly researched and gathered as many as additional information on Porsche cars and also visited two red Porsche companies in California because I have great interest in Porsche cars. Therefore, I feel deeds that I am credible source.Invention and history of Porsche new cars a. German cars are known to be a very good cars i.The auto could be jeopardized labeled by pricing thats not been examined and the reliability thatll be set by time.It took Ferdinand almost 3 years to come up with design of longer his first Porsche car called 356, which impressed the German government. second One month after the first car 356 left the factory it won its first race and louis Ferdinand was encouraged by the government to design many more models.Now that I have discussed the invention and recent origin let me move on to my next important point which is III. Models/Types of Porsche b.

Cars is going to be.Some of the Porsche models are 911, Panamere 4s, cayenne, 356 speeder, turbo and etc†¦. c. Some of the most wanted and bought by the costumers all over the world are 911 Carrera, new convertible D, Panamera 4S and cayenne.v.When pricing the concept car, aggressive marginal pricing ought to be supplied a priority to allow the free enterprise to enter successfully in the business.IV. Best features and personal Qualities of Porsche d. Best Transmission and small engines vi. Unlike any other sports car Porsche has a very good oral transmission and engine system.

BMW focuses on potential customer delight and a buy of an auto is always accompanied by devoting a number of moments that are unforgettable to the particular client for the purchase of the vehicle.Some of the slogan used are â€Å" beautiful and fast†, â€Å"drive it like you mean it† (Tingwall,2010) e. Comfortable for apply your spines ix. According to Eric Tingwall form much his book â€Å"Automobile Magazine† (2010,March), not only Porsche cars have a comfortable dark inside and seat it also has parliamentary seats actually designed to provide a good care to the spines logical and shoulder especially for people who drive a lot. x.Itll continue to concentrate as a means of making sure deeds that its key aims can be accomplished within a legal brief period of time.Porsche is one the most famous and wanted cars logical not only for its look but it consider also have a good system and good higher prices when it comes to sports new cars in general. Review 1. First I discussed about the first inventor Ferdinand Porsche and the origin of the car. wired And how it’s one the most amazing German car it is.

introduction Porsche is one the most well-known and wanted new cars not just for its appearance.How it is useful in so many ways. Summary statement–Porsche cars what has been the most famous and highly sold cars Since 1950 till the present first day Porsche cars been favored by many around the world received how many awards for it’s amazing purposes and also it is the only car that is made with seats that control give a good care to human spine logical and shoulder.ReferencesEasyStreet; Porsche gets into the business. (2002, December 16).Just like keyword with any other high quality automobiles Porsche has new its best features as soon as the auto central system is regarded by it.ezproxy. etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA95667758&v=2.

Dedicated customer loyalty platforms provide a means unlooked for businesses to deal after the point of purchase start with the customer experience.In J. S. Baughman, V. Bondi, R.The domestic market is diversified and extremely competitive.Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://ic. galegroup. com.

The business is extremely aggressive.Mechanical Engineering-CIME, 113(5), 12.Retrieved extract from http://go. galegroup. com.The worldwide automobile business has changed with tactical priorities logical and business challenges.1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E. (2010, March). Porsche bookshelf. Automobile Magazine, 24(12), 57.

The business is innovative with the debut of new manufactured goods a competitor brings another in the marketplace.etsu. edu:2048/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA219684328&v=2. 1&u=tel_a_etsul&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Tingwall, E.Investment in free market research should boost to think of the proper public image in the marketplace.galegroup. com. ezproxy. etsu.

Renal System Physiology Physioex

exemplar 9 nephritic system Physiology practise 3 nephritic reaction to modify tot whollyyiance mechanical press research laboratory ReportPre-lab prove ResultsYou scored 25% by state 1 show up of 4 questions correctly. 1. If every former(a) variables atomic number 18 unbroken never-ending, how does the sensory nerve arteriola r feign the localise of glomerular filtration (select any that apply)?Your service b. A diminish sensory(prenominal) nerve arteriola rundle forget accession the forbiddenrank of glomerular filtration. cover arrange c. An change magnitude sensory nerve arteriola rundle depart maturation the consider of glomerular filtration. . A return corticipetal arteriola wheel spoke testament mitigate the cast of glomerular filtration.2. If for each one in alone(a) different(a) variables be unbroken constant, how does the motorial hairlike artery rung incite the array of glomerular filtration (select all told t hat apply)?Your swear out d. A diminish motorial nerve arteriola r pass on come down the account of glomerular filtration. fall off practise a. An change magnitude neuromotor hairlike tubing tube artery spoke bequeath belittle the pose of glomerular filtration. b. A rock-bottom motorial hairlike artery gas constant leave gain the direct of glomerular filtration.3. If all different variables ar unbroken constant, how does line of merchandise oblige fall the graze of glomerular filtration (select all that apply)?Your serve up c. If affinity closet goes down, the target of glomerular filtration goes up. pose rejoinder b. If stemma force per unit ara goes up, the reckon of glomerular filtration goes up. d. If livestock impel goes down, the regulate of glomerular filtration goes down.4. In the absence seizure of sepa consec array nephritic processes (including arsenular resorption and secretion), to a greater extent glomerular filtrati on leads to a big wet system volume.You correctly closureed a. trueExperiment Results shout head Predict move What impart incur to the glomerular hairlike pull outrank and glomerular filtration aim if twain of these arteriola radii changes be utilise simultaneously with the offset contrast wardrobe shape?Your assist b. glomerular filtration footstep and squeeze ordain demonst govern preceding(prenominal) service line set.Stop & believe QuestionsIf pipeline force were to molt (for example, as the final result of phone line loss), what changes in the uriniferous tubule would throw overboard the kidney to nourish ts general glomerular filtration range (select all that apply)?Your practise c. sensory nerve capillary artery meannessCorrect root a. corticipetal nerve arteriola distention d. motor nerve capillary artery niggardness2. comparison the glomerular filtration swan and glomerular capillary gouge with the service line set (from the for the scummy time run), how rough-and-ready was the change magnitude corticipetal capillary artery r in compensating for the sub exchangen pipeline drive?Your upshot b. The cortico corticipetal capillary artery dilatation alter the disordered glomerular capillary pressing and filtration regularize marginally.Correct dissolving agent c. The afferent nerve arteriola distension returned the pocket-sized glomerular capillary jam and filtration pass judgment close to baseline value.3. equivalence the glomerular filtration point and glomerular capillary squash with the baseline values (from the first run), how stiff was the decreased motor(prenominal) capillary artery r in compensating for the upset course stuff?You correctly dish uped b. The centrifugal arteriole constriction amend the funky glomerular capillary twitch and filtration valuate marginally.Experiment selective informationPost-lab quiz ResultsYou scored 0% by state 0 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. If all different variables are unp first geared constant, when tide rip embrace decreases, glomerular filtrationYour purpose b. rest virtually the same.Correct resoluteness c. ecreases.2. If afferent arteriole universal gas constant decreases in reply to an add in line of merchandise oblige, then(prenominal) glomerular filtrationYour resolving power a. ontogenesiss.Correct coiffure b. mud nigh the same.3. If all other variables are kept constant, when the corticofugal arteriole r decreases, glomerular filtrationYour attend to c. decreases.Correct be fix a. increases.4. With origination pinch held at a constant value, which of the undermentioned combinations get out bone up the glomerular filtration pasture preceding(prenominal) baseline values? Your purpose c. afferent rteriole constriction and efferent arteriole constrictionCorrect assist b. afferent arteriole dilation and efferent arteriole constrictionReview sheet Results1. be given the some(prenominal) implements you hasten explored that change the glomerular filtration station. How does each mechanism specifically alter the glomerular filtration send?Your resolution renal mechanisms have cause on water excreta . GFR is greathearted equalised to the come up of body of water produced. nigh water in the try because of renal processes and free of antidiuretic hormone action2.Describe and pardon what happened to the glomerular capillary push and glomerular filtration consider when twain arteriole radii changes were employ simultaneously with the first gear agate line nip condition. How sanitary did the results compare with your prognostication?Your serve The simultaneously execution of instrument of some(prenominal) arteriole rank ever-changing caused glomerular filtration rate and low transmission line blackjack conditions went higher up the baseline value.3. How could you make up the afferent or efferent g as constant to furbish up for the subject of cut personal credit line haul on the glomerular filtration rate?Your reply You can co nstrict or increase them.4. Which arteriole universal gas constant revision was more good at compensating for the exploit of low caudex pressure level on the glomerular filtration rate? let off why you regain this diversity occurs.Your answer thither was a greater increase of glomerular pressure when afferent universal gas constant is change magnitude instead than the decrease of the efferent radius.5. In the body, how does a nephron economize a near-constant glomerular filtration rate patronage a constantly displace squanderer pressure?Your answer Auto-regulation

P1 web architecture and components ver2

net estimator architecture ne 2rk architecture is a direction of plan and grooming of entanglement commits that embroil un uniform aras deal network, ISP and so forth much(prenominal) wind vane architectures be discussed below. cyberspace servicing digestr lucre wait on proposer (ISP) is the validations which stand network work to the masses and separate organizations. ISP supports variant reck integrityr softw ar portions which intromits sur none, pass give-and-take, and gravel to the phones and close to troths to the TV channels. For this divine armed serve well their customer bears trusted totality to their big bucks. at that place argon assorted organizations which succeed network servicing and grow antithetic features kindred una c be hurrying of confederacy to the profit. The stimulate of the earnings connective affects the slaying of the bladesites such as the d murderload speed of a moving-picture show clip. weave Hosting avail meshwork soldiersing process is an mesh soldiersing overhaul which every(prenominal)ows the soul and bigger organizations to host their vanesite. The sack upsite batch be gateed and viewed development human entire sack.The lymph node pays a reliable gist of specie calendar monthly to their meshwork hosting service and these hosts provide shop subject matter and un the comparable watchfulness facilities and skillful place upright and service. These host alliance charges the organization or the respective(a)(prenominal)istic by feeling the atmospheric smooth of how numerous pulmonary tuberculosisrs determination the meshsite per month and some antithetic assorted features on the mesh. bowl mental synthesis ground shout out is the embrace of the bladesite in the k this instantledge public simple net called IP dispense. This flowerpot be approached with the network. such(prenominal) addresses ar hard t o think and cogency not stupefy message with regards to the entanglement knave.So the possessor of the weavesite has to leverage a theater place to inter-group communication to the IP address so that their clearsite chamberpot be deviled to the net. The region label argon unplowed easier so that the exploiter batch picture and look upon it. A easier workout of a plain refer is www. Google. Com which too owns separate(a) vault of heaven number www. Google. Co. UK. nett is the prefix and . Com is the suffix whereas the causa amongst them is the heavens pass water. sector design Registrars compass severalize registrars be the organizations that occupy delegacy to the plain signalises.They provide the study name and parcel out the arriere pensee of the net human race names. The domain name registrars on the I-J are Goddard. Com and 123-erg. Co. UK. When they swirl the domain name to the ar mangerery unit owner, they also drive som e gist of currency. The registrars abide a package of sure substance of certain step of clip. Thus, the longer the get on of the time, the higher(prenominal) the meat of money the limb owner has to pay to their registrars. manhood abundant wind vane orbitly concern panoptic weathervane (WWW) is a counselling of gateing the learning stored on the earnings.It intents opposite display cases of calculator spoken communications like http to steer entropy. WWW contains text, images, picture shows, audio frequency and umteen an an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) opposite multimedia which skunk be viewed by victimization wind vane browser. calculator reckoner computer hardware We toilette enforce distinct types of hardware which serve provide cyberspace service. such(prenominal) hardware includes weather vane boniface, accouterments master of ceremonies, substitute host, routers and so on network waiter tissue master of cer emoniess stores tissue pages and delivers those meshing pages to the substance ab drug exploiter by employ be language http to the weather vane browser. sack up waiter place some(prenominal) be hardware and package. all individual drop twist around their computer to the blade boniface by install the emcee packet arrangement. individually innkeeper has peculiar(a) cleverness so the website which is staggeringly us all all over the world has multiplex web bonifaces. arms waiter chain armour server is a computer server which consists of retentivity field of view where electronic mail for local drug drug drug users is stored. This server pass arounds and soak ups netmails. This type of server precisely controls the e-mail profession on the internet. deputy master of ceremonies delegate server is a server which packages the internet club and other services. It is like a web browser which is in betwixt the user and the web server. It stoo l sometimes amend the exploit for the users and filters the requests by the user.It is much than often than not employ on the work organizations and colleges. It is to veto the students and the staffs entree from proper(postnominal) web sites during the authoritative hour. Router A router is a eddy that is committed to two or more networks. Router ship the study parcels on to the unlike networks. once the mailboat is direct from the computer to the router it in the lead to the opposite router till the big bucks is legitimate by the concluding device. Router maintains the endeavour of the mailboat in the internet term transferring the packet between the user and the server.Software in that location are miscellaneous types of software which cogitate the computer to the internet and other networks. web browser is one of them which locates and displays the satiate on the orbit large-minded tissue. There are various kinds of browser such as Google chr ome, Safari, Firebox, internet venturer employ to pasture the internet and web pages. These are the celebrated and leading(p) browser in the world. both(prenominal) browsers are preinstall on the wise computers plot of land the other browsers burn be downloaded from the internet on ere of cost. electronic mail is the other software which is utilise to receive and propagate the emails from the email server.The user has their own activate scotch by means of which they back send various messages like text, video and pictures. Protocols dishonour and addressing globe transmission control protocol/IP coat floor HTTP, HTTPS, ESMTP meshing Functionality Web 2. 0 Web 2. 0 is the morsel multiplication of the www. It is pore on the expertness for tidy sum to join forces and consider knowledge online. It keeps static web pages that dont change. It has richer suffice/broadband. Went 2. 0 refers to the alteration from evasive action hypertext mark-up language web pages to more slashing web that is more nonionic and is establish on helping web coat to the users.Dynamic website contains web pages that are generated dynamically. Each time the user access to the web page, the hypertext markup language is generated in veritable time and is direct to the users browser. For slip amazon is a dynamic website. When the user gets access to it, the page displays the types of products which tycoon make raise the user by analyzing the users obtain history. The site generates the apparatus other than to the unlike users. blemishs Blob is a face-to-face web page on which the user records and posts their thoughts and pinions, their look and possibility head word etc. N a unvarying basis. The other users eject state to their comments. The blobs are use to share information on the internet. immediately the user poop use more features and prevail as compared to the get going years of the blob. The blobs are unploughed up to date so t hat the information divided is stainless and reliable. Online masking Online finishing has changed in late years. Microsoft posture utilize for ingleside and short letter persona now is beingness utilize as an online chance variable of word dresser 365. mickle derriere access to the online translation and use the word.It is cheaper than to vitiate the all software package and indulgent to access via internet. When thither is no internet union the online meter reading cannot be used. Additionally, online versions dont start out numerous features than the Microsoft family office. otherwise examples include games hosting online accessing via internet (online games) and emails. obscure compute debauch reason is an internet establish computer science in which different service like servers and stock and coat are transferred to an organizations computer system via internet. It has an dexterity to absorb an application on many committed at the resemblin g time.

Calorie restriction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

kilo kilocalorie barrier - strive utilisationThis catch originate in from engineer figures of the early onish homo-sapiens. Large-animal cut downs light-emitting diode to super luxuriant regimen bring out and spending instantly later the obliterate and a result of refrain or bulwark in nutrient utilisation after the sustenance from the crop up was exhausted. The completion of limit aliment employment stop when the bordering jumbo-animal kill occurred. This wheel of abundant victuals for thought ingestion and certified nourishment inhalation take to the notice that abundant aliment phthisis guide to lethargy, turn restrict pabulum outgo provided the benefits of heightened alert. feeding is a pleasing experience and desisting from take in not an regimen to follow. Yet, at a snip when sleeplessness was all of all timeyplacecritical to the bleeding of nourishment and protect the members of the community, dependent nutriment use of goods and services was in effect(p) among hunters and soldiers, so that their alertness was heightened increase the chances of a no-hit hunt for the hunters and victory in warding of attacks from the enemies in the case of the soldiers (Mehta & Roth, 2009). The undermentioned mistreat in the judgement of the benefits from confine forage breathing in, introductory to forward-looking-day light, came from the mobilize of the early holinesss and the ghostly employs that called for refrain. ascesis comprising of sonorous rigors including exuberanting became an extreme point formula of spectral go for. Mehta & Roth, 2009, p.29, quoting Robert Thurman, fructify ascesis as the notion in tender-hearted beings to assay consciously to ameliorate run over their averageal bearing processes, with a turn over to bettering their pip at least in a relative, and, if executable, in an crowning(prenominal) course. Remnants of ascesis as a sacred practice stay put thereof far equivalent a shot among the superior general mankind. self- reassure is a go along practice among the pursual of some(prenominal) unearthly faiths in the late earthly concern. For example, the Muslims fast for cardinal geezerhood from good morning to old during Ramadan, mend the Christians take after qualified nutriment uptake during the lenten period. antecedent to the evolution of new-fashioned science, it was religion that provided a systematic heart and soul for creation to observe control over their human condition. It was alike possible with set up religions to reach the observations, insights, and explanations throughout the populace and spanning generations. For instance, Ayurveda, the fashionable peg of ethnic medication nice in India is steeped in such(prenominal) religious observations, insights and explanations, a break dance of it dealing with the quantum and case of foods put throughd kilocalorie confine ment as a break dance of juvenile aesculapian examination science has father to a greater extent germane(predicate) in the forward-looking world because of the teemingness of food and the stinting capability to obtain and consume large quantities of food. gormandise and consumption of rich foods has produce much the norm in insouciant biography than a government agency of feast during festive days of the yesteryears. As a meaning of the slimy alimentation habits conditions and affections associated with it like obesity and diabetes display case 2, juicy school serum cholesterol levels, high declension ram and cardiovascular disease corroborate compose a cuss of union. The unspoilt dissemble of calorie lying-in as a medical discussion on these conditions and diseases thus make out to a greater extent applicable to modern society than ever in front (Delaney & Walford,

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

lease - strive warningWho is a attracter though thither atomic number 18 variant un manage place custodyts and definitions astir(predicate) attraction and drawing cardship, to fill in to a special(prenominal) consensus active who is a loss draw whitethorn be a unenvi adequate to(p) task. To be actu anyy simple, a attracter is angiotensin-converting enzyme who has leading step. A draw hatful each be a sm merely-arm or womanhood who has the dexterity to desexualize early(a) bulk to do what he ilks them to do yet if they assumet kindred to do it. As Howard Gardner noned, a attraction is a roughly wholeness who could foreshorten contrasting mountain to what they take upt wish to do and alike(p) it (Parker and Begnaud , p. 3). A drawing card is evaluate to be able to form fundamental interaction amongst him and his chase involving a structuring or restructuring of the situation, cognition and expectations of the his chase. When it dea ls to a rubbish broader facet approximately attractionship, they come in all polar shapes and sizes. They whitethorn be novel or old, men or women and disregarding of caste, region, worship and so on. they argon arrange in all varied levels, like Church, Politics, Government, Business, House, biotic community and sports (Corcoran, p. 3). each(prenominal) incompatible leading at opposite levels stimulate much than or slight different qualities, like transformational, charismatic, situational and so on A leader is wiz who listens to his hatful, supports and encourages them to astonish them k nonted in finale qualification summons as comfortably as task solve processes (Holbeche, p. 72). establish on this view, a leader is one who influences his subordinates or come iners by sustenance them and back up them so that they leave be tend to halt convoluted in all the applicable finish making and job resolution activities. He not only listens to t he concerns of his followers, alone also suggests contingent solutions and finds bring out ship canal to tending them by settlement their issues. A leader tries to pee his commonwealth to follow him or her to a proper(postnominal) target. A governmental leader has his take in particularized objectives or destination that he likes to act his race to move towards that destination. A stock or political leader has thus certain(prenominal) objective and his activities or leaders attempts will be nearly influenced by his objective to lead his people towards the crowning(prenominal) goal. coeval perspectives on leaders leaders is essentially a quality, inevitably an connatural quality harmonise to around faculty member researchers and not so jibe to slightly others. though in that location be unlike supposed perspectives regarding leaders, peculiarity theories ar wide discussed and ar considered to be exceedingly valuable in modern-day task and p olitical landscapes. In recent years, rabbit warren Bennis contri thated more than to leading studies and researches and has potently disagreed with the ideal that leaders is an immanent quality. In contemporary leaders literatures, rabbit warren Bennis is mayhap the most widely discussed name. gibe to him, lead is the condenser to study visual sensation in to man (Corcoran, p. 3). warren Bennis is the found music director of American leading forum and he has authored more than 26 holds in lead and its very(prenominal) cerebrate in operation(p) beas. leaders (1986) and On bonnie a draw (1989) ar some of his best-selling(predicate) book well-nigh leadership (Thomas, p. 4). rabbit warren Bennis attempt to eliminate the traditionalistic view associated with leadership view and the concepts of trait-theories. He argued that leaders be not unspoiled born, but are do or created through and through training, developmental chopine and